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Calvinism and the Charismatic Gifts |
The issue of the whether or not the extraordinary spiritual
gifts are for today has caused much debate and opinion in the
body of Christ. There are biblically based groups who say that
if you do speak in tongues, then you are under demonic control
and are not saved. On the other hand, there are groups who say
that if you do not speak in tongues then you are not saved. Both
sides use scripture to support their position. As far as the
Reformed camp goes, the position is that the gifts died with the
apostles as the Bible was completed. As a Calvinist, and after
examining the biblical evidence for cessationism, I do not
believe that the extraordinary spiritual gifts have ceased.
Therefore, I call myself an "Experiential Calvinist."
As an experiential Calvinist, I seek the Holy Spirit, His
filling, and I am open to God using me and others in
extraordinary ways.
If you are Reformed, you might be
slapping your forehead right now and saying something like,
"How could he possibly believe that?". I do because I
have examined the scriptures and am convinced by what I read.
The following paper, in part, is what I have discovered.
Please understand, that even
though I am convinced that I am right, I am also convinced that
I could be wrong. I can only speak for what I believe and why I
believe it. If you disagree then that is quite alright. As
Romans 14 says, we are not to pass judgment on our brother's
(and sister's) debatable issues. And the spiritual gifts is
definitely a debatable issue.
For simplicity sake, I will state
a standard objection to the perpetuity of the spiritual gifts
and then I will give what I believe is a basic but sufficient
refutation for that argument. All the verses quoted are listed
in full at the end of this paper.
Argument
1:
Since
we have the Bible we do not need spiritual gifts. 1 Cor. 13:8-10
is usually quoted as scriptural support for the position.
The only place in Scripture that
explicitly states when gifts will cease is 1 Cor. 13:8-13. In
part it reads, "When the perfect comes the imperfect shall
be done away with." Some vigorously maintain that the
"perfect" is the completed Bible and, therefore, the
extraordinary gifts are no longer needed. If someone wants to
believe that, fine. But I do not think these verses can be used
to support cessationism. This is why.
Verse 12 says, "...then we
shall see face to face." The word "then" refers
back to the phrase "when the perfect comes." Since the
only infallible interpreter of Scripture is Scripture, a quick
examination of the way God uses the term "face to
face" should help us understand this passage better.
The phrase is used throughout the
Bible and always means an encounter with a person. When God uses
it in reference to Himself, it means a visual, personal
encounter with Him (Gen. 32:30; Ex. 33:11; Num. 12:8; Duet. 5:4;
and Jer. 32:4). Likewise in the New Testament. There it is also
used in speaking of personal encounter (2 Cor. 10:1; 2 John 12;
3 John 14, etc.). "When the perfect comes...then we shall
see face to face" seems, most logically, to refer a
personal encounter; at least, that seems to be how God uses the
phrase.
If the position is take that the
"perfect" is the completed Bible, how then do we
encounter God in the same manner as the phrase suggests: an
encounter with a person. Seeing Christ face to face occurs when
He returns.
Another "then" is
mentioned in verse 12: "then I shall know fully, even as I
am fully known." The word "then" again refers
back to the phrase "when the perfect comes." Again, we
need to look at how the Bible uses words, this time, the word
"know." Scripture says that eternal life is to know
God (John 17:3). Only the believer is known by Jesus (John
10:27; Gal. 4:8-9; Rom. 8:29). The unbeliever is not known by
Jesus (Matt. 7:21-23). No where in the Bible does it say that an
unbeliever is known by God. This is a salvific knowing; that is,
it is a kind of knowing that God does of His people. He knows
them and they are saved. The unbelievers are not known and are,
therefore, not saved.
It would seem most consistent
with scripture to say that "...as I am fully known"
would refer to a salvation relationship between Jesus and the
Christian. At the return of Christ we (the ones known) shall
know fully; we shall see face to face the One who is our Savior.
Also, we don't "know"
Jesus through the Scripture; we know about Him from the
Scripture (John 5:39). Instead, we know Him by personal
encounter (John 1:12; 1 Cor. 1:9) through the Holy Spirit's
indwelling. We don't know fully right now, even though we have
the Bible, because we still are corrupted by our sin nature. In
our fallen state we can only see Christ through sin-clouded
eyes. We see a reflection of Christ in the Word. When Jesus
returns the reflection of the truth will pass to clear
understanding (the way childish thoughts give way to mature
ones) when we receive our resurrected bodies, no longer have to
battle sinful flesh, and can see Him face to face because
"we shall be like Him" (1 John 3:2).. "Then we
shall know fully."
The context of 1 Cor. 13:8-13
seems, to me, to show that the spiritual gifts will cease when
Jesus returns. Interestingly, 1 Cor. 1:7 may be consulted here.
It says, "Therefore you do not lack any spiritual gift as
you eagerly wait for our Lord Jesus Christ to be revealed."
(NIV) The Greek word here for "revealed" is
apokalupsis. It means the apocalypse, the return of Jesus. In
both this verse and 1 Cor. 13:8-13 the gifts, which aren't
differentiated as to which kind they are, are connected to the
return of Christ, not the completion of the Bible.
Argument
2:
Present day tongues are further revelation and must then be
equal to Scripture and should be included in the Bible. But
since the Bible is not to be added to, the gift of tongues (and
therefore, the rest of the spiritual gifts) must no longer be
valid.
This is a faulty argument because
the Scripture itself recognizes inspired revelation that is not
to be added to the Bible: "What then shall we say,
brothers? When you come together, everyone has a hymn, or a word
of instruction, a revelation, a tongue or an interpretation. All
of these must be done for the strengthening of the church"
(1 Cor. 14:26). Here, in the Corinthian church, revelations were
given that were not made part of the Bible. This shows that
there were, for a lack of a better word, "different"
kinds of revelation: one from the prophets and apostles meant
for canonization and another through the Spirit to be used in
the church for edification--not canonization. So, in my opinion,
for someone to maintain that revelation today is a threat to the
Canon does not consider 1 Cor. 14:26, is not applying scripture
properly here, and is being illogical.
Argument
3:
There is such misuse of the gifts that they couldn't
possibly be real.
First of all, misuse of the gifts
implies their existence. They couldn't be misused if they did
not exist. The only real position to be taken here would be that
the use of the gifts really is no use, but is only fakery and
self-deception.
First, it cannot be denied that
the gifts are misused. I have heard manifestations of tongues,
interpretations of tongues, and prophecy that, in my opinion,
were not genuine. But I do not discredit the gifts based upon
those experiences anymore than I would say the spiritual gifts
are alive because I saw them used well and accurately. The final
authority is the word of God. Experience does not make doctrine,
the Bible does.
Second, it is not a sick child
that needs discipline and correction, it is the active,
energetic, exploring child that needs to be guided. This was so
with the Corinthian church. They were using the gifts greatly
but improperly and needed to be corrected.
1
Corinthians 13:8-13
Love
never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease;
where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is
knowledge, it will pass away. For we know in part and we
prophesy in part, but when perfection comes, the imperfect
disappears. When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought
like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I
put childish ways behind me. Now we see but a poor reflection as
in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part;
then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. And now these
three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is
love.
Regarding
"Face to Face":
Genesis
32:30 -
"So
Jacob called the place Peniel, saying, "It is because I saw
God face to face, and yet my life was spared."
Exodus 33:11 - "The
LORD would speak to Moses face to face, as a man speaks with his
friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his young aide
Joshua son of Nun did not leave the tent."
Numbers 12:8 - "With
him I speak face to face, clearly and not in riddles; he sees
the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid to speak
against my servant Moses?"
Deuteronomy 5:4 - "The
LORD spoke to you face to face out of the fire on the
mountain."
Jeremiah 32:4 - "Zedekiah
king of Judah will not escape out of the hands of the
Babylonians but will certainly be handed over to the king of
Babylon, and will speak with him face to face and see him with
his own eyes."
2 Corinthians 10:1 - "By
the meekness and gentleness of Christ, I appeal to you -- I,
Paul, who am "timid" when face to face with you, but
"bold" when away!"
2 John 12 - "I
have much to write to you, but I do not want to use paper and
ink. Instead, I hope to visit you and talk with you face to
face, so that our joy may be complete."
3 John 14 - "I
hope to see you soon, and we will talk face to face. Peace to
you. The friends here send their greetings. Greet the friends
there by name."
Regarding
"Know"
John
10:27 -
"My
sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me."
Galatians 4:8-9 - "Formerly,
when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by
nature are not gods. But now that you know God -- or rather are
known by God -- how is it that you are turning back to those
weak and miserable principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by
them all over again?"
Romans 8:29 - "For
those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the
likeness of his Son..."
Matthew 7:21-23 - "Not
everyone who says to me, `Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of
heaven, but only he who does the will of my Father who is in
heaven. Many will say to me on that day, `Lord, Lord, did we not
prophesy in your name, and in your name drive out demons and
perform many miracles?' Then I will tell them plainly, `I never
knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!'
Note:
This paper was written in response to an examination at
Westminster Theological Seminary where I obtained my M.Div. The
occasion was generated by my receiving a call to a local
pastorate. When it was discovered I believed in the spiritual
gifts, I was examined and, eventually, refused the pastorate
because I beleived in the perpetuity of the gifts. In response
to the examiners requests I read the following cessationist
material. Perhaps this bibliography will help you make a
decision for yourself.
The
Final Word by O. Palmer Robertson Perspectives
on Pentecost, by Richard B. Gaffin, Jr. Charismatic
Chaos, by John MacArthur. The articles, Has
the Charismatic Age Ceased, by Donald MacLeod; The
Charismatic Movement: Spectrum of Theological Opinion and
Attitude, by Pastor Dave Eby; Can
we Do Miracles Today? by Erroll Hulse; A
Summary of Robert L. Dabney on 'Spurious Religious Excitements,
by Daniel E. Wray; The
Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit--Have They Ceased?,
by Roland S. Barnes; The
Cessation of Extraordinary Gifts: Historical Evidence,
by Geoffrey Thomas; and Scripture
Verses the Spiritual Gifts?", by Elliot Miller
at Christian Research Institute. The pamphlet, Crucial
Issues Regarding Tongues, by Kenneth L. Gentry Jr. A
Pastoral Letter Concerning the Experience of the Holy Spirit in
the Church Today, adopted by the Second General Assembly of the
PCA.
To be fair, I also read the non-cessationist
book Surprised by the Power
of the Spirit, by Jack Deere which proved to be most
enlightening.
Following
is a point of illustration.
If
the cessationist argument is true then it seems to negate parts
of the Bible; namely, parts where spiritual gifts for the church
are listed and exemplified. I have reproduced 1 Cor. 12,13, and
14 and "crossed out," by making the text bold
, those portions that are no longer applicable from a
cessationist point of view. The specific verses may be
debatable, but I think the point is made.
1
Corinthians 12:1-31
1Now
about spiritual gifts, brothers, I do not want you to be
ignorant. 2You know that when you were pagans,
somehow or other you were influenced and led astray to mute
idols. 3Therefore I tell you that no one who is
speaking by the Spirit of God says, "Jesus be cursed,"
and no one can say, "Jesus is Lord," except by the
Holy Spirit. 4There are different kinds of gifts, but
the same Spirit. 5There are different kinds of
service, but the same Lord. 6There are different
kinds of working, but the same God works all of them in all men.
7Now to each one the manifestation of the Spirit is
given for the common good. 8To
one there is given through the Spirit the message of wisdom, to
another the message of knowledge by means of the same Spirit, 9to
another faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing by
that one Spirit 10to another miraculous powers, to
another prophecy, to another distinguishing between spirits, to
another speaking in different kinds of tongues, and to still
another the interpretation of tongues. 11All these
are the work of one and the same Spirit, and he gives them to
each one, just as he determines.
12The body is a unit, though it is made up of many
parts; and though all its parts are many, they form one body. So
it is with Christ. 13For we were all baptized by one
Spirit into one body -- whether Jews or Greeks, slave or free --
and we were all given the one Spirit to drink. 14Now
the body is not made up of one part but of many. 15If the foot
should say, "Because I am not a hand, I do not belong to
the body," it would not for that reason cease to be part of
the body. 16And if the ear should say, "Because
I am not an eye, I do not belong to the body," it would not
for that reason cease to be part of the body. 17If
the whole body were an eye, where would the sense of hearing be?
If the whole body were an ear, where would the sense of smell
be? 18But in fact God has arranged the parts in the
body, every one of them, just as he wanted them to be. 19If
they were all one part, where would the body be? 20As
it is, there are many parts, but one body. 21The eye
cannot say to the hand, "I don't need you!" And the
head cannot say to the feet, "I don't need you!" 22On
the contrary, those parts of the body that seem to be weaker are
indispensable, 23and the parts that we think are less
honorable we treat with special honor. And the parts that are
unpresentable are treated with special modesty, 24while
our presentable parts need no special treatment. But God has
combined the members of the body and has given greater honor to
the parts that lacked it, 25so that there should be
no division in the body, but that its parts should have equal
concern for each other. 26If one part suffers, every
part suffers with it; if one part is honored, every part
rejoices with it. 27Now you are the body of Christ,
and each one of you is a part of it. 28And in the
church God has appointed first of all apostles, second
prophets, third teachers, then
workers of miracles, also those having gifts of healing,
those able to help others, those with gifts of administration,
and those speaking in
different kinds of tongues. 29Are
all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all work
miracles? 30Do
all have gifts of healing? Do all speak in tongues? Do all
interpret? 31But eagerly desire
the greater gifts. And now I will show you the most excellent
way. (NIV)
1
Corinthians 13:1-13
1If
I speak in the tongues of men and of angels,
but have not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging
cymbal. 2If I
have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all
mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move
mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. 3If I
give all I possess to the poor and surrender my body to the
flames, but have not love, I gain nothing. 4Love is
patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it
is not proud. 5It is not rude, it is not
self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of
wrongs. 6Love does not delight in evil but rejoices
with the truth. 7It always protects, always trusts,
always hopes, always perseveres. 8Love never fails.
But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are
tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will
pass away. 9For we know in part and we prophesy in
part, 10but when perfection comes, the imperfect
disappears. 11When I was a child, I talked like a
child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I
became a man, I put childish ways behind me. 12Now we
see but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face
to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I
am fully known. 13And now these three remain: faith,
hope and love. But the greatest of these is love. (NIV)
1
Corinthians 14:1-40
1Follow
the way of love and
eagerly desire spiritual gifts, especially the gift of prophecy.
2For anyone who speaks in a tongue does not speak to
men but to God. Indeed, no one understands him; he utters
mysteries with his spirit. 3But everyone who
prophesies speaks to men for their strengthening, encouragement
and comfort. 4He who speaks in a tongue edifies
himself, but he who prophesies edifies the church. 5I
would like every one of you to speak in tongues, but I would
rather have you prophesy. He who prophesies is greater than one
who speaks in tongues, unless he interprets, so that the church
may be edified. 6Now, brothers, if I come to you and
speak in tongues, what good will I be to you, unless I bring you
some revelation or knowledge or prophecy or word of instruction?
7Even in the case of lifeless things that make
sounds, such as the flute or harp, how will anyone know what
tune is being played unless there is a distinction in the notes?
8Again, if the trumpet does not sound a clear call,
who will get ready for battle? 9So it is with you.
Unless you speak intelligible words with your tongue, how will
anyone know what you are saying? You will just be speaking into
the air. 10Undoubtedly there are all sorts of
languages in the world, yet none of them is without meaning. 11If
then I do not grasp the meaning of what someone is saying, I am
a foreigner to the speaker, and he is a foreigner to me. 12So
it is with you. Since you are eager to have spiritual gifts, try
to excel in gifts that build up the church. 13For
this reason anyone who speaks in a tongue should pray that he
may interpret what he says. 14For if I pray in a
tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful. 15So
what shall I do? I will pray with my spirit, but I will also
pray with my mind; I will sing with my spirit, but I will also
sing with my mind. 16If you are
praising God with your spirit, how can one who finds himself
among those who do not understand say "Amen" to your
thanksgiving, since he does not know what you are saying? 17You
may be giving thanks well enough, but the other man is not
edified. 18I thank God that I speak in tongues more
than all of you. 19But in the church I would rather
speak five intelligible words to instruct others than ten
thousand words in a tongue. 20Brothers, stop thinking
like children. In regard to evil be infants, but in your
thinking be adults. 21In the Law it is written:
"Through men of strange tongues and through the lips of
foreigners I will speak to this people, but even then they will
not listen to me," says the Lord. 22Tongues,
then, are a sign, not for believers but for unbelievers;
prophecy, however, is for believers, not for unbelievers. 23So
if the whole church comes together and everyone speaks in
tongues, and some who do not understand or some unbelievers come
in, will they not say that you are out of your mind? 24But
if an unbeliever or someone who does not understand comes in
while everybody is prophesying, he will be convinced by all that
he is a sinner and will be judged by all, 25and the
secrets of his heart will be laid bare. So he will fall down and
worship God, exclaiming, "God is really among you!" 26What then shall we say, brothers? When you come
together, everyone has a hymn, or a word of instruction, a
revelation, a tongue or an interpretation. All of
these must be done for the strengthening of the church. 27If
anyone speaks in a tongue, two, or at the most three, should
speak, one at a time, and someone must interpret. 28If
there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the
church and speak to himself and God. 29Two or three
prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully
what is said. 30And if a revelation comes to someone
who is sitting down, the first speaker should stop. 31For
you can all prophesy in turn so that everyone may be instructed
and encouraged. 32The spirits of prophets are subject
to the control of prophets.
33For God is
not a God of disorder but of peace. As in all the congregations
of the saints, 34women should remain silent in the
churches. They are not allowed to speak, but must be in
submission, as the Law says. 35If they want to
inquire about something, they should ask their own husbands at
home; for it is disgraceful for a woman to speak in the church. 36Did
the word of God originate with you? Or are you the only people
it has reached? 37If
anybody thinks he is a prophet or spiritually
gifted, let him acknowledge that what I am writing to you is the
Lord's command. 38If he ignores this, he himself will
be ignored. 39Therefore, my brothers, be
eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues.
40But everything should be done in a fitting and
orderly way. (NIV)
These
are the views of Matt Slick from the Calvinist Corner, a website
promoting Calvinism. I do not agree with the Theology of John
Calvin. For the most part Calvinist's are Cessationist's. They
believe that the Gift's of the Spirit ended with the apostles.
Matt slick is one of the few Calvinist that believe that the
Gift's of the Spirit are for today's Christians. This text is
taken from the Calvinist Corner Website and all copyrights are
Matt's.
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